Mr. Palasek's Class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:47AM PST (-0800 GMT)
From Brenda: Did the Chumash eat other meat besides sea creatures? What type of meat did they eat?

Mr. Palasek's Class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:47AM PST (-0800 GMT)
From Mayra: Could you please show a picture of their clothing?

Mr. Palasek's Class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:47AM PST (-0800 GMT)
From David: What objects were found on San Nicholas island that you believe that belonged to the Lone Woman of San Nicholas island?

Mr. Palasek's Class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:48AM PST (-0800 GMT)
From Pedro: What did the people trade to the land to the East?

Phoebe K.. Mt Washington School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:52AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What is the difference between the Santa Ynez band and the Coastal Band of the Chumash? Why does only one have a reservation?

Jerold, Mt Washington School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:55AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Why is the Chumash rock art famous?

Lorraine, Mt Washington School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:57AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What is your favorite Chumash story?

Morgana, PHS: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 9:37AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What was life like for a Chumash girl ?

: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 9:47AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Ok!

Morgana, PHS: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 9:59AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How did the Chumash bathe ? what did they use for soap?

Morgana, PHS: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 9:59AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How did they decide who married who?

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:04AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hello, this is John Johnson, curator of anthropology at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. I can see that several messages have accumulated for me already. I will answer one at a time.

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:07AM PST (-0800 GMT)
With regard to marriages, it was often the case that Chumash Indians would have arranged marriages, that is that families would decide that their children should marry before the children had reached maturity. But it was also the case that people who fell in love would marry because they wanted to.

Sara at State Street School/Payne ol: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:08AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Dear Dr.Johnson, What was the life span of the Chumash before the settlers?

Daniel / State Street School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:09AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Where there any evidence of special medications for illness'?

MArcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:09AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Good morning Dr. Johnson - glad you could join us today. Due to different school schedules, we encouraged classes to post questions ahead and hope to see more come in while you are live and online. Thank you for taking time to help out students better understand the Chumash.

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:10AM PST (-0800 GMT)
With regard to bathing, Chumash Indians would take sweatbaths in a structure called "temescal" in Spanish. They would build a fire and then when they were hot and covered with perspiration they would run and plunge themselves in cold water to clean themselves off. They also would use a plant called "soaproot" that is very soapy when mashed to wash their hair.

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:11AM PST (-0800 GMT)
I am going to answer the questions in random order. I will try to reply to as many as possible given time limitations.

Victoria, Mr. Nieto's Class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:11AM PST (-0800 GMT)
2.Who were the leaders of the Chumash tribe? Did they have a chief? 3.What were the religious beliefs of the Chumash?

Victoria, Mr. Nieto's Class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:11AM PST (-0800 GMT)
#1 What is the most interesting discovery you have found on the islands?

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:12AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The average life span of Chumash Indians usually was about 40 years, but some individuals lived into their 80s or even older.

Tsunami, PHS: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:12AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How did the Chumash government work ?

Sara at State Street School/Payne ol: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:12AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Dear Dr.Johnson, What were the tools used for the pictoghraphs?

Tsunami, PHS: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How do you track their lineage?

Mrs. Shetler's Class at Roosevelt School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
We are glad to be on line with you, Dr.Johnson.

Mrs. Shetler's Class at Roosevelt School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:14AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Please explain exactly what an anthropologist does.

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:15AM PST (-0800 GMT)
There are many interesting discoveries that we have made on the Channel Islands. We have found such rare items in special situations such as a wooden harpoon foreshaft and a fragment of a Chumash fishnet. Recently we have been conducting excavations at a site where a few ancient human bones were found that date to about 13,000 years ago. This is the earliest evidence for people living in California.

Ms. Johnson's Class at Peary Middle School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:16AM PST (-0800 GMT)
We are glad to be here too Dr. Johnson

State Street/Payne: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What can we learn today from the Chumash for the survival of the future?

Ayami, PHS: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Were the Chumash on the islands forced to relocate to the Mission or mainland ? Or did they choose to move to the mainland on their own ? If so, why ?

Ms. Johnson's Class at Peary Middle School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Raymont ask do we know how they looked?

Edwin/Payne: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:18AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What did the chumash use that we still use today?

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:18AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What does an anthropologist do? Well anthropology is defined as the study of humankind. There are four fields of anthropology: (1)archaeology -- the study of past peoples and cultures, (2) ethnology -- the study of other peoples and cultures today, (3) physical anthropology -- the study of human biological variation and evolution, and (4) linguistics -- the study of human languages. At the museum, I work as a curator, that is a person who conducts anthropological research and who maintains the collections of artifacts cared for at the museum.

Ms. Johnson's Class at Peary Middle School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:18AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Norvell asked what kind of cloths did they wear?

: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:19AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Good Morning, Ms. Morrison class, Charles Mack Elem. Sacramento, CA. What was the hardest thing that the Chumash indians had to adjust to, when the settlers really started to take over their area? Maurice

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:19AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The messages you are sending are coming fast and furious. I can't keep up with them all, so please don't be offended if I don't answer everything.

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:22AM PST (-0800 GMT)
I have received several questions about how the Chumash had to adjust to the coming of Europeans and why they went to the missions. Well, first of all, the foods upon which they relied were heavily impacted by the herds of grazing animals (cattle, sheep, and horses) that came with the Spanish-Mexican colonists. These animals ate the wild plant foods that the Chumash needed to survive. So many Chumash went to the missions in order to obtain the wheat and corn and other foodstuffs raised at the missions. That is one of the reasons they went to the missions.

Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:24AM PST (-0800 GMT)
VISIT the MUSEUMS'S web pages for more information by clicking on button

Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:25AM PST (-0800 GMT)
MUSEUM's info on madicine to help find answers to questions above : button

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:25AM PST (-0800 GMT)
With regard to the Indians on the Channel Islands and the missions, the Indians of the islands mostly remained apart from the missions for 45 years after the founding of the first mission in Chumash territory. It wasn't until they experienced famine conditions in 1816 (probably caused by a very severe El Nino event) that most of the islanders migrated to the mainland to join the missions.

Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:25AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Correction - MUSEUM's info on medicine to help find answers to questions above : button

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:28AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Someone asked earlier, what form of government the Chumash had. Most large Chumash towns had a chief, and sometimes that chief was responisble for several smaller towns in addition to his own town. The chief would adjudicate disputes and form alliances with other chiefs to protect each others' towns in case they were attacked by enemies. The chief would also host ceremonies for people from other towns and villages.

Librarian at Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:30AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hello, this is the librarian at Maple Elementary. I think that Camp Internet has been a wonderful opportunity for many students and I think it's great that they have a chance to interact with the participating experts. Hello, Ms. Ward's Class.

Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:31AM PST (-0800 GMT)
..... Here is an example of ceremonial clothing and you can see more at button

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:31AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Someone asked what tools were used for pictographs. The Chumash Indians mainly painted with three pigments: red, black, and white. Red came from hematite or red ochre, black came from charcoal, and white came from gypsum (which was like chalk when ground). They would mix these pigments with an organic substance like wild cucumber juice in a small paint cup made from a vertebra of a swordfish or an abalone shell. They would use their fingers or a tail of a ground squirrel to paint with.

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:32AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Okay, I have answered some of the backlog of questions, feel free to ask some new ones or repeat one of the ones you wish me to answer.

Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:33AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Here is an example of the pigments used for rock art paintings and you can learn more at button

: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:34AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Mr. Palasek's Class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:47AM PST (-0800 GMT) From Brenda: Did the Chumash eat other meat besides sea creatures? What type of meat did they eat? Mr. Palasek's Class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:47AM PST (-0800 GMT) From Mayra: Could you please show a picture of their clothing? Mr. Palasek's Class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:47AM PST (-0800 GMT) From David: What objects were found on San Nicholas island that you believe that belonged to the Lone Woman of San Nicholas island? Mr. Palasek's Class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:48AM PST (-0800 GMT) From Pedro: What did the people trade to the land to the East?

: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:34AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Phoebe K.. Mt Washington School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:52AM PST (-0800 GMT) What is the difference between the Santa Ynez band and the Coastal Band of the Chumash? Why does only one have a reservation?

Dolphins/Madison: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:34AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Dr. Johnson, Did the Chumush indians have a hard time building their houses?

Kamesha: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:35AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What type of illness came upon the Chumash before the settlers and after the settlers?

: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:35AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Lorraine, Mt Washington School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 8:57AM PST (-0800 GMT) What is your favorite Chumash story?

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:35AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Someone asked earlier, what did they wear for clothes? The Chumash Indians did not wear many clothes at all because of the mildness of our climate. The women wore a skirt made of tules (bullrushes) or other grasslike material. They dipped the ends of the tule strands into tar to weight them down. Some women wore a buckskin apron called a "tikey." The men wore no clothes at all, except for the chief who distinguished himself from others by wearing a bearskin cape. Ceremonial dancers wore a feather skirt and headdress like in the photo shown above.

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:37AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Wow! Now I have a whole bunch of questions again. I will try my best to get to as many as possible.

Tsunami, PHS: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:37AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What roles did women have in the government?

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:38AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The Chumash on the islands and the mainland coast ate meat from many kinds of fish, sea mammals (seals, dolphins, and otters), and birds (especially ducks, coots, and cormorants). The Chumash in the Santa Ynez Valley hunted deer, rabbits, and groundsquirrels for meat.

Room 5,Bassett St: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:39AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Good morning Mr. Johnson. our class has a question: What kinds of materials did the Chumash use to do their art/artifacts?

Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:40AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Dr. Johnson - the map section on your web site is great. Students, click on this button and then use the drop-down box to open different maps. Excellent resrouce !

Mrs. Shetler's Class at Roosevelt School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:40AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Henry: What did the Chumash do in their spare time? Alicia: How long have you studied the Chumash Indians.

Sam from Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:40AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Our class wants to know how the Chumash buread the dead.

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:41AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What roles did women have in government? Women had a high status in Chumash society. When a man and woman would marry, the man would move to his wife's village and live with her among her relatives. This is different than the situation among all other California Indians. There are records of women chiefs among the Chumash, for example, including a chief who was met by the explorer Cabrillo in 1542 at the Chumash town of Syukhtun on the Santa Barbara waterfront.

Mrs. Shetler's Class at Roosevelt School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:42AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Crista: Do you study any other tribes?

Sam from Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:42AM PST (-0800 GMT)
We meant to say , How did they bury their dead and what rituals did they have?

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:43AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The Chumash Indians buried their dead in a flexed position in cemeteries that were located close to their villages. They would often bury possessions of the person who died along with the body. Sometimes they would dust the body with red pigment ground into powder. They would erect a pole over the grave and hang objects on the pole that had belonged to the person during his/her life.

Abraham and ALejandro from Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:44AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Dr.Johnson. Can you please tell us how did the Chumash fresh water?

Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:44AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Dr. Johnson - in looking at the map of Chumash town sites on your web site, I was trying to locate Jonjonata. I read about this in your offices but didn't find it on the map. My office is near there so was wondering if it has been recognized as an actual town site?

Nick/Ms. Morrison's class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:45AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Are there other Chumash tribes around the world?

Brandi and Leana from Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:45AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Dr.Johnson. We are so glad to be in the chat room. We are reading what you say here.

maruice/cmack/morrison: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:45AM PST (-0800 GMT)
how are you?

: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:46AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Tsunami, PHS: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:13AM PST (-0800 GMT) How do you track their lineage?

Mrs. Shetler's Class at Roosevelt School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:48AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Alex: Were the Chumash fierce warriors?

Peter/Ms. Morrison's class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:49AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How did you finally decided to study the Chumash indains, over other indians that you might have wanted to study? What made you pick them?

Miguel and Nancy from Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:49AM PST (-0800 GMT)
We want to now how the Chumash portect thereselves from the rain. Would they go to their homes? And what would they use to tie there shell beads?

: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:50AM PST (-0800 GMT)

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:50AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Earlier a class asked about the differences between Chumash groups. Over a fifty year period, all of the Chumash towns were gradually abandoned as people migrated to six different missions that existed within the territory where Chumash peoples lived. Therefore at the end of the Mission Period (about 1835) there were essentially six different Chumash communities, one affiliated with each mission. The numbers of Chumash Indians had declined because of European diseases, so the total population was about 10 percent of what it had been when the Spanish colonists first arrived. Each Chumash group at each mission had a different history. In Santa Barbara and San Buenventura, the Indians received private allotments of property which they gradually sold over the remaining part of the nineteenth century, so the communities became dispersed. At Santa Ynez the Indians were settled on land owned by the Church. Therefore their community remained together. 100 years ago the Church turned over the land to the federal government to administer as a reservation. That is why the Santa Ynez Indians have a reservation but other Chumash communities do not.

Nick/Ms. Morrison: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:54AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Do the Chumash speak any other languages?

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:54AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How does one track Chumash lineages? Well, the early missionaries were very good at keeping records of all of the Chumash Indians who came to the missions. As I noted above, eventually all of the Chumash Indians became affiliated with the missions over a fifty year period. So all Chumash Indians today are descended from people who lived at the missions. The mission and church records have been preserved of all of the baptisms, marriages, and burials performed there. Using these records and later United States census records (and the records that were kept by Chumash families themselves), the lineages can be traced.

Ivan and Joel from Maple : . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:54AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hello Dr. Johnson. We are so glad to be in the chatroom. We are reading what you said and we are learning so much.

Ms. Beth at Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:55AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Ms.Ward's class, Aren't you getting so much neat information?

Junior Luna /Morrison: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:55AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How long have you been searching for the Chumash Indians?

Mrs. Shetler's Class at Roosevelt School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:57AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Ashley: Did Chumash keep pets like cats?

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:57AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Someone asked about the languages spoken by the Chumash. That is a good question. "Chumash" is actually the name of a family of Indian languages that descend from a common ancestral language. There were three major branches in the Chumash language family that were mutually unintelligible. These three major branches were: Northern Chumash (spoken by San Luis Obispo), Central Chumash (spoken in what are now Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties) and Island Chumash. A translator was needed for speakers of these different languages to understand one another.

Mrs. Shetler's Class at Roosevelt School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:58AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Edgar: Did they have weapons for war? Moises: Did they fight against the missions?

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 10:59AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Someone asked how long I have been studying the culture and history of Chumash Indians. My first archaeological work in Chumash territory began about thirty years ago, when I was a student at UC Santa Barbara.

Nick, Maurice, Franky/Ms. Morrison: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:00AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What were the names of some of the tools or weapons the Chumash used?

Ms. Morrison's class: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:00AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Thank you Dr. Johnson, we appreciate all of your answers. Ms. Morrison's class, Sacramento.

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:00AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What kind of pets did the Chumash have? They had dogs both on the islands and mainland. The Indians on the islands tamed the small island foxes as pets. The members of the Portola expedition in 1769 saw a tame bear in one of the Northern Chumash villages north of Morro Bay.

Angel and Jacky from Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:01AM PST (-0800 GMT)
HI Dr. Johnson. We saw Island of the Blue Dolphins. Is it true that she made a cape out of bird feathers? Did they use bird feathers for blankets when it was cold? Or did they use something else?

Mrs. Shetler's Class at Roosevelt School: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:02AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Thank you very much for answering our questions and those of other students. We would like to talk with you again.

Margarita and Cesar from Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:04AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Dr.Johnson. Our teacher said we are going to make shell beads in our class. Have you ever seen the real shell beads that the Indians made? What did they look like?

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:04AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The Chumash Indians used the bow and arrows as weapons. They also had knives fashioned from a flint-like stone called chert. These knives were hafted in wooden handles. In 1824, the Chumash at three missions rose up and fought with the soldiers who were stationed as guards at the missions. The Indians did not harm the missionaries, however, and told the missionaries that their grievances were not against them. The Chumash Indians at Santa Barbara fled the mission and removed themselves the southern San Joaquin Valley. There they fought the soldiers again and the soldiers had to retreat. Later the president of the missions went to the San Joaquin Valley and negotiated with the Chumash leaders of the revolt. Eventually, most of the Chumash Indians returned to Santa Barbara Missions after amnesty was granted to them.

Dr. John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:07AM PST (-0800 GMT)
I have enjoyed talking to all of you students in your classes. I hope all of you will have an opportunity to visit our museum sometime and see examples of the beads, tools, baskets, and weapons used by the Chumash Indians. Also, you can find more information on our museum's web site at the "Chumash Life" section at www.sbnature.org. Kiwanan (Chumash for 'Good-bye').

Nikia and Michelle from Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:12AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Dr. Johnson; We have a question about Chumash Indians. How did they get married?

Grizel and Ediberto f rom Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hello Dr.Johnson. We have a question about the Chumash Indians.Do you know any Chumash Indians that could come to visit our class because we have been studying a lot about them. It would be nice to talk to them in person.

Roger from Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Ms. Beth , Whe are glad that you are in the chat room with us .

cv3: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:16AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Allyson, Crystal, and Monica from Palm View School: We could not get on until 11:15 AM. The server was not working. We appreciate Dr. Johnson taking his time for this activity.

Brandon and Cynthia from Maple : . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Dr.Johnson, we would like to know about the Chumash Indians. We want to know if we can come and visit the museum. Do you have Chumash Indian rock paintings?

Nikia and Michelle from Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
KIWANAN AND THANK YOU Dr.JONSON

Brandon and Cynthia from Maple : . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:19AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Goodbye eveyone. We wish we could chat longer. KIWANAN and God Bless America

Your Friends at Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:19AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Thank you to Dr. Johnson for his in-depth answers - lots of new information this year not uncovered in previous chats. And a BIG THANKS to the student Campers who posted such thoughtful questions and who expressed their appreciation for our Trail Guide's time. Good work Campers !. This chat will remain read-only right here till the end of the week and then move into the Chat Archive.

Roger from Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:20AM PST (-0800 GMT)
KIWANAN and thanks a lot !

Margarita and Cesar from Maple: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:25AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Dr.Johnson. We still want to tell you that we saw a movie called The Island of the Blue Dolphins.It was about a girl named Karana. She lived alone with her brother. The next morning her brother went outside alone and the dogs killed him. Did that really happen? Our teacher just told us that time is up! We wish we could stay and talk with you longer. Thank you very much for coming to our chat. We learned a lot from reading all the questions and answers. Goodbye Dr. Johnson. God Bless America. Kiwanan and Peace

chelseaTulsa3Jperine: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:30AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Is there more information about how often the people traveled between the islands. The boats do not seem safe and in the book "Isle of Blue Dolphins", they do not talk mush about contact between the Indians who lived on the coast and the islanders.

chelseaTulsa3Jperine: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:30AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Is there more imformation about how often the people traveled between the islands? the nboats do not seem safe and in the book Island of the Blue Dolphins they do not talk much about contact between the Indians who lived on the coast and the islanders?

Your Friends at Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:30AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Maple Students - see the REAL story of the Lone Woman of San Nicolas on Camp Internet at button adn follow links to histroical sources at bottom of page ....

Brianne/MelanieTulsa3Jperine: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:31AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Did they vote for a cheif or did the cheif pick from his royal family?

Your Friends at Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:33AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Tulsa - we have some information about the tomol trips here button ... " Because of the Channel’s winds and weather and numerous sinkings, the Indians timed their crossings carefully. When traveling to the islands from the mainland, the Indians avoided trips directly across the Channel. They followed a route that hugged the mainland coast until they reached what is now Port Hueneme, the mainland point closest to the Islands. They then paddled to Anacapa Island, a distance of 12 miles, and reached the other islands by traveling west. " ( This navigational history is from Shipwrecks, Smugglers and Maritime History, 1984 ) ............ and a few weeks ago thre was a tomol crossing in an authentic reconstruction.

Your Friends at Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:34AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Tulsa - the Chiefs were selected by a council or inherited the role if worthy - and if you read above, men AND women could be chiefs ...

chelseaTulsa3Jperine: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:37AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How many years was the Lone Woman of San Nicholas Island there? When and how did she die, and how old was she?

Alyssa Tulsa3Jperine: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:41AM PST (-0800 GMT)
I have a question on the lone woman on San Nicholas Island. In the true story of ISLAND OF THE BLUE DOLPHINS, since the girl had a child, there is no recources that the girl had any husband, if he died fighting against the Aleuts or he died before the fight. Also, what do the exprets think she died of?

noelleTulsa3Jperine: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:41AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How did the Lone Woman of San Nicholas die? Are there any theories about how she died?

chelseaTulsa3Jperine: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:43AM PST (-0800 GMT)
If the chief of a tribe died, how did they decide who would bethe knew chief?

chelseaTulsa3Jperine: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:44AM PST (-0800 GMT)
If the chief of a tribe died, how did they decide who would be the new chief?

Your Friends at Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:46AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Tulsa - historic records show that the Lone Woman died only a few weeks after coming to the mainland because she ate new foods her body was not able to handle. She was offered her traditional foods, but preferred the new fruits and sweets and unfortunately this caused a severe health problem they were not able to cure her of. She was buried at the Santa Barbara Mission.

Your Friends at Camp Internet: . . . . Wed, Oct 17, 11:46AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Thanks Campers - we are signing off now.

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