Timothy - Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:39AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Welcome Camp Internet Teams to our annual Volcano Studies chat session. Our Trail Guide today is Dr. Robert "R.B." Trombley, the Founder and Principle Research Volcanologist of Southwest Volcano Research Center, Arizona. Chat starts at 9 a.m. today. Visit the Research Center's web site at:
button for some really interesting information.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:40AM PST (-0800 GMT)
A short summary of current events.
We have had 17 eruptions this year so far. SWVRC has
correctly forecasted 16 of those 17 eruptions for an
accuracy of 94.12% so far. We currently have about a
doszen or so volcanoes in eruption at this time. You
can view all of our neat stuff on our website at the URL
address of: www.swvrc.org .
Timothy - Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:41AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Good morning Dr. RB.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:42AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Timothy -- nice to see/hear from you again !
Sarah T, Emerson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:42AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What do you use to create a forecast ? Math ? Technolgoy ? geology ?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:45AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Sarah --
We have a software programme that I developed over the
past 13 years. It uses a LOT of mathematics and inputs
from various variables such as seismicity, deformation,
etc.
Sarah T, Emerson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:50AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Why do some volcanos send out deadly gases and not others ?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:52AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Sarah --
It depends on the volcanoes makeup. Some volcanoes build up
deadly gases while others do not put our as much deadly
gases. It is all in the chemistry of the particular volcano.
Sarah T, Emerson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:54AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Where does the chemistry come from - isn't it the same molten stuff under the earth everywhere ?
Gregory, Emerson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:55AM PST (-0800 GMT)
we read about the epxlosions at Pompeii and Thera and the ash - what makes that happen in those places and not others ?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:55AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Sarah -
Yes, it comes from the chemical constituents of the magma
which becomes lava after it is expelled from the volcano.
Samuel, Emerson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:56AM PST (-0800 GMT)
On the news they talked about an explosion in the Congo - is it safe for people to go home now ? how do they know it won't just happen again?
Gregory, Emerson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:56AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What are the most dangerous places in the world to live because of volcanoes ? why do people even live there ?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:57AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Gregory --
Again, it depends on the chemical makeup of the volcano.
Different volcanoes output different types of output. i.e.,
some volcanoes output lava, some output ash, some output
pyroclastic flows and others output various combinations
of all of the above.
Lisa, Emerson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:57AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Are there volcanoes on other planets in our solar system ?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:58AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Sam --
Yes, the explosion of Nyiragongo has stopped and it is safe
for the people to now go home.
Margie M, Emerson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:58AM PST (-0800 GMT)
We are studying the Ancient Southwest and read about the Sinagua having to move because of the volcano at Sunset crater. How do scientists know when that volcano erupted ?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:58AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Lisa --
Yes. There are known volcanoes on Mars and on one of
Jupiter's moons, Io.
Samuel, Emerson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:59AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Did they know it was goign to go off (congo) ?
Lisa, Emerson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:59AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Cool- can you see them erupt with a telescope ? (mars/jupiter volcanoes)
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 8:59AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Margie -
We know that it erupted, in this case by actual witness of
the event but we can also date it by radiocarbon-14 dating.
Vic 1 A Kraemer: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:00AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Timothy and Dr.Trombley! My classroom is online and they have some questions for you. Thank-you for being a Trail guide today. I had a chance in December to visit Hawaii Volcanoe National Park. I got to walk through a lava tube and to see where the lava flow had gone over some roads on it's way to the ocean on the black sandy beach. Thank's again. Mr. August Kraemer Sixth Grade Teacher at Victoria Elementary.
Ted,Emerson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:00AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What are the signs when a volcano is going to blow ?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:01AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Samuel--
Yes, we did correctly forecast Nyiragongo to erupt
in 2002, but not to the day. We only forecast to
the nearest year.
vic1 Aiden : . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:01AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Different shapes of volcanoes depend on the silica content of the Magma. What makes more or less silica in volcanoes, is it certain types of rock?
Margie M,Emerson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:01AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How do volcanoes make petrified wood ?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:01AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Mr. Kraemer and welcome to you and your entire class !
Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:02AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hello August - glad to see you all online !
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:02AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Ted -
We monitor various signs of eruption such as seismicity,
deformation, etc.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:03AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi MArgie -
They really don't make petrified wood - they only create the
conditions for it.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:03AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi MArcy !
vic1-Drew: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:03AM PST (-0800 GMT)
When an eruption occurs, do you have more of a chance of
dying from the fumes or from the lava?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:05AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Vic --
Depends on where you are (hopefully far away !) but it
really depends on what type of eruption it is.
Brenda, Denia, Mayra - LAAMS: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:06AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What is a volcano?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:07AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Brenda -
Simply put, it is a "hole" in the earth's crust that allows
lava to escape.
Alan, Ngoc, Tina, Dominique, Nightingale MS, Mr. Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:07AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How many volcanoes have you recently found?
Luis, Framcisco, Diana - LAAMS: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:08AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Why are volcanoes so dangerous? Is it the lava or the eruption?
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:08AM PST (-0800 GMT)
David: How Long Do Volcanoes Usually Stay Active?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:08AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Found ? We haven't found any volcanoes ! Be more specific
with your question please.
Mirna,Omar,Nary,Isabel Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:09AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What is the highest elevation of a volcano?
Shelley, Jonathan, Eleno, Yolanda- LAAMS: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:09AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Have you been inside a volcano or tried to? If so how was it and what did it look like?
Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:09AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Good Morning Dr. Trombley - glad you can be online. When a big volcano event starts happening - what does your center do to track it ? Can you tell students what seismicity and deformation mean too ? thanks
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:10AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi David -
If you mean how long do they erupt, some volcanoes erupt for
only a few hours, others erupt for a few days/weeks/month and
yet others erupt for years without stopping and/or are on/off
all the time.
Sandra, Cristina, Juan, Juvenal- LAAMS: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:10AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How do volcanoes form?
Alan, Ngoc, Tina, Dominique, Nightingale MS, Mr. Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:10AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Which volcano caused the most damage?
vic1-Briana: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:10AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Why does volcanoes erupt? Do you know how often they erupt?
Mirna, Omar, Nary, Isabel Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:11AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Could there a time were there is no more lava in the earth's crust?
Johanna, Jeffrey, Sergio, Nightingale M.S, Mr.Meyerhof:: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:11AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Why are volcanoes so destructive?
vic1 Janine: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:11AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Why does it turn black when it cools down?
Santiago, Felipe, Mily, Vanessa- LAAMS: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:12AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How and why do volcanoes exist?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:12AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Marcy -
Seismicity has to do with a volcanoes "earthquakes" and
deformation has to do with the amount of swelling/deflation
that a volcano has. We are on line with just about every
reporting agency in the world so we basically have a
constant stream of dat coming in. That is how we track
a volcano when it begins to erupt.
Rene, Cindy, Isai, Michelle Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:12AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How can you tell when a volcano will erupt?
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Mr Meyerhof-Rebeca,Lucy T,John,Sebastian-Nightingale Middle School 6th
Why does a volcano erupt?
vic1-Lindsay: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
When was the biggest volcanic eruption that has occured in
the United States? Where was it?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
I am getting so many questions that I cannot answer all of them as they disappear from my screen before I get a chance to answer them.
Damian, Amparo, JoannaA.JohannaV.- LAAMS: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What are the damages do volcanoes cause?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:14AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The largest eruption in the USA was Yellowstone
caldera about 640,000 years ago.
Kevin, Jesus, Melissa, Wai, Mr.Meyerhof, Nightingale M.S.: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:14AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How can people survive eruptions?
vic1-Lindsay: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:14AM PST (-0800 GMT)
When was the biggest volcanic eruption that has occured in
the United States? Where was it?
Sergio, Jeffrey, Johanna, Nightingale M.S, Mr.Meyerhof:: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:14AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What can volcanologists do to predict volcano eruptions?
Jonathan,Mr.Torres,laams: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:14AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How hot is the magma?
vic1-Lindsay: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:14AM PST (-0800 GMT)
When was the biggest volcanic eruption that has occured in
the United States? Where was it?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:14AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Volcanoes cause all kinds of damage. Homes, lives, live-
stock etc.
David/Nightingale M.S.?Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:15AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How Long Does It Usually Take A Volcanoe To Become Extict?
vic1-Lindsay: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:15AM PST (-0800 GMT)
When was the biggest volcanic eruption that has occured in
the United States? Where was it?
Mirna, Omar, Nary, Isabel Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:15AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Could there a time were there is no more lava in the earth's crust?
Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:15AM PST (-0800 GMT)
When our teachers visited Catalina Island, they learned how it was formed by a volcano when a tectonic plate was folded under the Pacific and North American plates - and how that pressure made a volcano erupt. Where are there other volcanoes now caused by a similar plate conflict ?
Rosaura, Veronica, Misael- LAAMS: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:15AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Do volcanoes erupt quietly? If so how does his occur?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:15AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Magma is about 800 to 2300 deg C with the average being
about 1700 deg.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:16AM PST (-0800 GMT)
A volcano can beocme extinct if it does not erupt for about 10,000 years.
vic1 Daniel: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
About how many volcanos are there in the world, and where are most of them?
Victor-Johnathan P.-Stephanie A.-Lucy M.-Kevin H.-Nightingale Middle School-Mr. Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How long does it take for lava to harden?
Brandi &Susana from Maple: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hello Dr.R.B. and campers. We are learning about Volcanos in our classroom. Is the Volcano in Washington State going to erupt again?
Rene, Cindy, Isai, Michelle Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What kind of chemicals come out of a volcano while an eruption?
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Faith Nightingale M.S. Meyerhof
How come most volcanoes are in the mountains not in the city?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Rosarura -
Volcanoes do not erupt quietly ! There is always some
noise associated with the eruption. SOme are just louder
than others.
vic1 dennis: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:18AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What is the oldest volcano and where is it?
Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:18AM PST (-0800 GMT)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Dr Trombley - to catch questions posted previously TYPE A LARGE NUMBER in the 'Scroll Back' box and it will return you up to the top ... We understand you can not answer them 'all' - okay though to combine answers from several students in one posting to help .... just mention their names in the sentence that is their answer and we will all learn from one another's questions
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:18AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Once the lava cools, how hard will it get?
vic1-Briana: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:18AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Which country has the most volcanoes? What is the largest
eruption you have ever seen and where was the eruption?
Mirna, Omar, Nary, Isabel Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:19AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Could there a time were there is no more lava in the earth's crust?
Jonathan,Mr.Torres class,laams: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:19AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How hot is the magma?
vic1 Janine: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:19AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How often do volcanos erupt?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:19AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The volcano referred to in Washington is Mt. Rainier and
it is NOT a matter of if it is a matter of when it will
erupt again and it is currently overdue !
Jeffrey, Johanna,Sergio, Nightingale M.S, Mr.Meyerhof:: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:19AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What is the largest volcano on another planet?
Lucy T,Rebeca,John,Sebastain Nightingale Middle School Mr. Meryerhof 6th grade: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:19AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How long does it take for a volcanic lake to form?
vic1 Andrew: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:20AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What is the most active volcano?
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:20AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Johnson Nightingale M.S Meyerhof
How many different kinds of rocks come from a volcano?
Jeffrey, Johanna,Sergio, Nightingale M.S, Mr.Meyerhof:: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:21AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Is magma always the same color?
Maxine and Roger from Maple: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:21AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi this is Maxine and Roger from Maple and we just want to know how many volcanoes are in America?
Edgardo,John,Irma,Eric,LAAMS: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:22AM PST (-0800 GMT)
When was the first volcano discover?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:22AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The country that has the most volcanoes is probably Indonesia
with Japan as a close second (Brian) - We have about 50 +/-
10 erupts per year (Jamie) -- The alrgest eruption I have
personnal been to was Gungalung in Indonesia back in the
80's (Brian) -- The earth will never run out of crust for
volcanoes.
Miguel Amador ,Mr.Torres: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:23AM PST (-0800 GMT)
#1 Who was the first men to discover a volcano?
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:24AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Stephanie /NightingaleMS /Meyerhof
Why does the volcanoe build up like a mountain before it erupts?
Rene, Cindy, Isai, Michelle Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:24AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Is there any kind of material that would not burn when it touches lava?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:25AM PST (-0800 GMT)
We are currently monitoring about 14 volcanoes in the USA
right now (continental US) and we have a total of 492
volcanoes that we monitor world-wide.
I don't know whent he first volcano was discovered.
Magma is not the same colour from volcano to volcano. Its
chemistry make them different colours but all are basically
shades of black to grey.
Jonathan,Mr.Torres class,laams: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:25AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How hot is the magma?
Joaquin Medina- Mr. Torres ,LAAMS: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:25AM PST (-0800 GMT)
#1.How come volcanos become extinct?
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:26AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Christopher Nightingale M.S. Meyerhof
What is the best way to predict volcanic eruptions?
Brandon and Joel from Maple: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:26AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How much lava falls out of a volcano?
Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:26AM PST (-0800 GMT)
We read that there is a new baby volcano forming off the coast of one of the Hawaiian islands, and how the islands have moved north leaving their magma centers behind. How long will it take the Big Island to move north and not be active anymore ?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:27AM PST (-0800 GMT)
I don't know who the first to discover a volcano was.
Diamonds will not be burned by lava.
The build-up of a volcano occur as lava keeps piling up
eruption after eruption. THis is the way a volcanic
mountain is "born".
Mirna, Omar, Nary, Isabel Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:27AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Could there a time were there is no more lava in the earth's crust?
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:27AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Vic 1 A Kraemer: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:28AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Thanks again for answering our questions. Victoria Elementary
Jeffrey, Johanna,Sergio, Nightingale M.S, Mr.Meyerhof:: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:28AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Is magma always the same color?
Gustavo, Kimberlyn, Harold, Marinita, Mr. Torres LAAMS: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:28AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What is the ring of fire?
Pedro laams Mr.Torres: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:28AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How many volcanoes are in the world.
Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:28AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Is a volcano helpful to farmers by adding important minerals to the soil?
Rene, Cindy, Isai, Michelle Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:28AM PST (-0800 GMT)
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:28AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Jason-Nightingale-Meyerhof - How do you know if there is a volcano if it has not done anything?
Pedro laams Mr.Torres: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:29AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How many volcanoes are in the world.
Rene, Cindy, Isai, Michelle Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:29AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Mirna, Omar, Nary, Isabel Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:29AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Could there a time were there is no more lava in the earth's crust?
Alondra E,Mr.Torres,LAAMS: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:30AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What landforms does lava creat on earth's surface.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:31AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The amount of lava from a volcano varies as to the amount
acculated in the magma chamber.
The Hawaiian volcanic chain is approximately 2500 km long
and extend up thru the Marshall islands.
Currently, the best way to predict an eruption (long-range)
is to use our software package ERUPTION Pro 10.3. For
short range, the best way is to claosely monitor it's
vital signs of earhtquake activity, deformaiton, outgassing,
and the like.
jennifer: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:31AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Where is the Ring of Fire
Mirna, Omar, Nary, Isabel Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:31AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Could there a time were there is no more lava in the earth's crust?
jennifer: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:31AM PST (-0800 GMT)
lkjhkjkj
Jeffrey, Johanna,Sergio, Nightingale M.S, Mr.Meyerhof:: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:32AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Is magma always the same color?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:34AM PST (-0800 GMT)
There are over 500 active volcanoes about the world.
Lndforms that can be created by volcanic activiy include
new islands, and extensions of already exisiting landofrms.
We can tell if a mountain is indeed a volcano by examining
its rocks. Rocks created by volcanic activity are called
igneous (fire-born) rocks.
Mirna, Omar, Nary, Isabel Nightingale MS Mr.Meyerhof: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:35AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Could there a time were there is no more lava in the earth's crust?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:36AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The ring of fire referes to the active volcanoes that
form a sort of "circle" extending from the south of So.
America, all along the west coast of the USA, alone the
Alaskan penninsula, the ALeutian Is. arc, down thru
Japan, Kamchatka (Russia) and on into Indonesia, New Zeland.
Brandi & Susana from Maple: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:36AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Dr.R.B. We like your answers. Will the people get out of there houses next to the Mt. Rainer Volcano in Washington State in time? Are they in danger?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:38AM PST (-0800 GMT)
I hope so. The Mt. Rainier type volcano usually give plenty
of what we call pre-cursor (pre-eruption) signs of activity.
If so, then people can be safely evacuated from the areas
of danger.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:42AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Now I have a question -- What state(s) are all you young
folks from who are on the chat line today ?
Maxine and Roger from Maple: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:45AM PST (-0800 GMT)
HI DR R.B. We want to know if you have ever seen a volcano erupt and what was it like? Was it scary?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:46AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Yes, I have been to several volcanic eruptions and only the
first one is kind of scary -- after that we are to darn
busy to be frightened !
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:47AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Being at a volcanic eruption is quite an experience. It is
one of the most awwsome sights to behold and experience.
Brandi & Susana from Maple: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:48AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Dr. RB what are the pre- cursor, eruption signs of activity? What is outgassing?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:48AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The last volcanic eruption that I was at was the eruption of
Tunguahua in Ecuador.
Ediberto and Angel from Maple: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:49AM PST (-0800 GMT)
We are from soouthern California?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:51AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The pre-cursor signs are generally, seismic activity
(earthquake) increase, deformation (swelling) and otgassing
which means an increase of sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas which
is measured with a Corellation Spectrometer (COSPEC) device
by shooting a laser through the atmosphere around the
volcano.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 9:52AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Neat California !! I used to live in Redondo Beach if
you know where that is in So. CA.
parmvir/cmack/morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:03AM PST (-0800 GMT)
how hot iks the magma?
Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:03AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Is a volcano helpful to farmers by adding important minerals to the soil? What types of plants are the first to grow back after lava has spilled ?
parmvir/cmack/morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:03AM PST (-0800 GMT)
how hot its the magma?
Rafa/cmack/Ms.Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:03AM PST (-0800 GMT)
#1 How long does it take a volcano to erupt? how hot does it have to be to erupt?
Jennifer Maass/Mrs. Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:03AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Have you ever been so close that you think you will die?
franky cmack/Ms.Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:04AM PST (-0800 GMT)
how hot can a volcano get
Abby and Michelle from Sacramento/morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:04AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How close did you get to a volcano?
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:05AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How long douse it take a volcanos to erupt?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:05AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Magma is generally between 00-2300 deg. C.
Yes, lava contains many minerals, etc. that are beneficial
to crops and plant life in general. Generally, grasses,
and other plants of the environs grow back rather quicly.
Rafa/cmack/Ms.Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:06AM PST (-0800 GMT)
#1 How long does it take a volcano to erupt?How hot does it have to be to erupt?
Junior Luna/Ms Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:06AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How long douse it take a volcanos to erupt?
Empres B.: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:07AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How close have you ever been to a volcanoe?
Amy Z./Ms.Morrison/Cmack: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:08AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What was your favorite volcano to study?
Franky cmack/Ms.Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:08AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Can the black crust split and make you fall in side the magma?
Amy Z./Ms.Morrison/Cmack: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:08AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What was your favorite volcano to study?
Franky cmack/Ms.Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:08AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Can the black crust split and make you fall in side the magma?
NaDia and Amy /Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:08AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What is the most scariest volcano yuo ever seen erupt?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:08AM PST (-0800 GMT)
I have been within a few meters of lava output (with a
proper suit on !)
No, I am not really afraid of dying at a volcano. I know
that it is a dangerous profession but the most dangerous
part of our work is getting to and from the volcano (i.e.,
driving to the airport, etc.).
A volcano can erupt almost instantaneously or begin by
outputting small amounts of lave/ash etc. then violently
explode from time to time.
Parmvir/cmack/Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:09AM PST (-0800 GMT)
do volcano ever cause sunami
Devin from sacrmoto/morison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:09AM PST (-0800 GMT)
was it agroud volcano or montin
volcano
Junior Luna/Ms.Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:10AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Has a volcano ever caused a tsunami wave?
Angelina Kislyanka: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:10AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How hight does a volcano get?
ms morrison maurice: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:10AM PST (-0800 GMT)
have you ever seen somebody die in the magama in front of your face
Empres B.: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:11AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Have you ever been in a severe accident because of a volcanoe?
Abby and Michelle from Sacramento/morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:11AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How do you know where the volcanos located?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:11AM PST (-0800 GMT)
My personal favourite volcano is Mt. Pelee in Martinique in
the Caribbean (Phillip, our Senior Volcano Technicain) and
I are going there this next June. My second favourite is
Piton de la Fournaise in the Indian Ocean on Reunion Is.
The most spectacular eruption that I have seen was volcano
Galunggung in Indonesia in the 80's.
Jennifer Maass/Mrs. Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:11AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How many volcano sites were you at in your hole life?
Peter Moua/Ms.Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:12AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How do the volcanoes cause the earth?
Devin from sacrmoto/morison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:12AM PST (-0800 GMT)
how deep is the volcano
Franky cmack/Ms.Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:12AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Can a volcano wipe out a speice of an animalever?
Parmvir/cmack/Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:12AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Do volcano cause ever eruption?
Devin/Ms.Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Are you Smart?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
No, I have never witnessed anyone dying in a volcano
accident.
I have not been personnally injured, except for a few
bumps and bruises from falls in my career.
There have been many Tsunamis created by volcanic
eruptions. Many of them have hit in the area of Japan
and/or Hawaii.
Amy Z./Ms.Morrison/Cmack: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Do
mrs. ziazie's class, marvin ave. elementary: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
#1- as time passes, will the occurance and intensity of volcanoes decrease?.........#2- What is the reason for a volcano becoming inactive and after some time active again?.........#3- Why are the stratovolcanoes the most deadly type?..........#4- do we know which type of volcanoes have explosive eruptions, and do they always act consistantly ?........#5- why do the pahoehoe and a'a lava flow differently?
Empres B.: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:15AM PST (-0800 GMT)
When a volcanoe eurups right in front of your face are you terrifide yes or no??
Nick Harris/ Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:15AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Have you ever seen a island form?
Franky cmack/Ms.Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:15AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Do volcanos ever make you wont a better job?
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:16AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How long douse it take a new valcano to form?
Nick Harris/ Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:16AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Have you ever seen a island form?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
I have visited appoximately 100+ volcanoes in my career that
I can recall.
I suppose a volcano can wipeout a local species of an
animal but I don't recall any at this time.
Am I smart ? Well I guess that's a matter of opinion. I do
have my Doctorate if that's any help. But I consider
myself as a little more intelligent that the average
person running down the street !
Rafa/cmack/Ms.Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
#1b
Jennifer Maass/Mrs. Morrison/Sacermento: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
bye
Rafa/cmack/Ms.Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
#1b
Amy Z./Ms.Morrison/Cmack: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How long does a volcano erupt for?
Morgana PHS: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:17AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Is it true that the volcano on Mars is so tall it reaches above the atmosphere ?
Junior/Ms. Morrison: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:18AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How close have you ever been to a volcano?
Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:21AM PST (-0800 GMT)
>>>>>>>> STUDENTS - be sure to scroll back to see the ANSWERS ALREADY POSTED ABOVE - many of the same questions have been sent by several students and there ARE ANSWERS already above .....
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:23AM PST (-0800 GMT)
I have not seen an island form due to a volcano.
#1- as time passes, will the occurance and intensity of volcanoes decrease?.........#2- What is the reason for a volcano
becoming inactive and after some time active again?
No, the number of eruptions is fairly constant from year to
year. About 50 or so.
2- What is the reason for a volcano becoming inactive and
after some time active again?
It has to do with the original amount of magma present and
how often it takes to replentish the magma chamber.
#3- Why are the stratovolcanoes the most deadly type?
They do not erupt as often and therefore pent up more
gases, lava, etc.
#4- do we know which type of volcanoes have explosive
eruptions, and do they always act consistantly
Yes, we generally know which volcanoes erupt explosively
but no, they are not always consistent.
#5- why do the pahoehoe and a'a lava flow differently?
They have a lower viscosity (are more "runny") than Aa lava
and this make it easier for them to flow.
Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:25AM PST (-0800 GMT)
In geologic time - how long has it been since Maui had active volcanoes ? And when will the Big Island volcanos move off the magma spot they are on ?
Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:26AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How long has it been since the San Francisco Peaks in your state were active volcanoes ? Or are they still ?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:29AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Haleakala (on Maui) last erupted in 1790.
It will be several hundred years before the Big Island
will move sufficiently away from teh "hot spot" it is currently
over. A "hot spot" is sort of a crack in the earth's crust
allowing magma to seep up.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:31AM PST (-0800 GMT)
The last eruption in the Southwest was Sunset Crater, last
erupted in 1066 AD. Sunset is part of the San Francisco
Peaks. Technically, they are still "active" but not
expected to re-erupt.
L.Walker: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:31AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Emma PALM View School
1.How much volcano's are in the whole world?
L.WALKER: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:31AM PST (-0800 GMT)
1. Why do volcano combine and pop at the same year.
CRYSTAL AND NANETTE AT PALM VIEW
Margarita from Maple: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:32AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Dr. R.B, Hi I am new in the chat room .
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:33AM PST (-0800 GMT)
I am sorry, I don't know what you mean by "combine" ?
Volcanoes are independent of one another and basically
erupt at a random rate but predictable rate.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:34AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi MArgarita --
Welcome to the chat room !
Miguel and Anna from Maple: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:34AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Dr. RB, Anna is new in our class and I'm helping her.
Ediberto and Angel from Maple: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:35AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi! About how many gallons of lava come out of a volcano?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:36AM PST (-0800 GMT)
It varies, but it is usually several million tons of lava.
We don't measure the amount of lava in gallons but rather in
tons.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:37AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Anna and welcome !
Claudia and Michelle from Maple FROM : . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:38AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Hi Dr. R.B we wanted to know if volcanics come from under the ocean ? And we want to know who found the frist volcano on the earth?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:40AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Yes indeed, there are undersea volcanoes. The entire
Atlantic Ridge is a huge "crack" in the Earth's crust
allowing magma to flow out under the ocean.
I don't know who found the first volcano on earth.
Alejandro and Erika from maple : . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:41AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Dr R.B. Do you enjoy studying about volcanos?I am sure you do because we do enjoy it.It is fun to explore volcanos.
Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:41AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Were there more volcanoes in the time of the dinosaurs or large mammals than now ?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:43AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Yes, I very much enjoy my work with volcanoes and helping
others to learn about them as well. Our Senior Volcano
Technician, Phillip, is going to Mt. Pelee with me this
next June prior to his entering U of A - Tuscon as a
geoscience major.
There were about as many volcanoes during the dinosaur age
as there are now.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:45AM PST (-0800 GMT)
BTW- You can read all about Phillip on our website at:
www.swvrc.org/pat-bio.htm
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:45AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Why are volcanos located where they are?
Margarita from Maple: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:46AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Dr DB. When did you get interested in volcanos ?
Henry: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:46AM PST (-0800 GMT)
why are the earth form?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:47AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Most volcanoes are located about tectonic plates and that is
the reason why they are located where they are. Some
volcanoes, e.g., Hawaiian volcanoes are formed via "hot
spots".
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:48AM PST (-0800 GMT)
I have been interested in volcanoes about all my life and
have been working on them now for over 30 years.
Alejandro and Erika from maple : . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:48AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Dr R.B. Thank you for answering our question. :-)
BRIAN HWE FOR Ngale: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:49AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How hot can lava or magma get?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:49AM PST (-0800 GMT)
You are most welcome ! I hope to do this again in the
near future as this is my 2nd time being involved with a
"volcano chat" !
Wilson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:50AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How hot is lava or magma is?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:50AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Lava is about 800 deg C to about 2300 deg. C.
Wilson: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:53AM PST (-0800 GMT)
If volcanoe were never made what will the earth be like?
??????: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:54AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Why is there god?
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:54AM PST (-0800 GMT)
how hot dose the lava get
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:54AM PST (-0800 GMT)
It probably wouldn't exist ! By the very nature of the
earth's creation, it has to be hot !
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:54AM PST (-0800 GMT)
why are volcanoes located where there at?
Sergio Lagunas: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:55AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What is the ring of fire?
William: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:56AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How do you detect volcanoes?
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:56AM PST (-0800 GMT)
how was lava formed?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:56AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Most volcanoes are located about the meeting of tectonic
plates. Others are formed by "hot spots".
Jesus Lopez: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:57AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Were was the first volcano discover and what year
was it ?
Brian/Henry: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:57AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Can you see lava through the hole of the volcano?
Isabel Rubio: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:57AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Why are the volcanoes located where they are?
Claudia and Michelle from Maple : . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:57AM PST (-0800 GMT)
HI is there a volcano under the Ocean?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:58AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Lava is formed simply by melting rock.
The ring of fire refers to the volcanoes from the west
coast of So. America, No. AMerica, Alaska, the Aleutian
Is. chain, the coast of Japan, Kamchatka (est Russia) and
down through Indonesia and the New Zealand areas.
Martin: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:58AM PST (-0800 GMT)
does lava smell or stinks?
Isabel Rubio: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:58AM PST (-0800 GMT)
?????????
Kelvin: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:58AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What happen when the lava get close to you how hot is it?
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:59AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Many of your questions have been answered, several times
over. Use your Scroll Back Messages to see them.
Brenda Arellano: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 10:59AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How many years does it take for a volcano to erupt?
Martin: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:00AM PST (-0800 GMT)
hello
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:00AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Lava does have a sulphur diode (rotten eggs) smell to them
sometimes.
Brenda Arellano: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:00AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How many years does it take for a volcano to erupt?
Isabel Rubio: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:01AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Why is the lava so hot and why whenyou touch it your bone brakes?^_^ :}
denisse: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:01AM PST (-0800 GMT)
what is an azn?
Alejandro and Erika from maple : . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:02AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Dr R.B.We have to say good bye. Thanks again.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:02AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Well, all, I guess that's about all for this session of the
"volcano chat". I really did enjoy talking to you all and
answering your questions. If you have more, you can e-mail
us from our website at the URL of: www.swvrc.org .
All of you take care now, do your homework and as we say in
Quebec and France "L'ECOLE AVANT TOUT !! "
(Stay in School !!)
Ngale-Benjamin and kevin: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:03AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What is an "eruption" ?
An eruption occurs when magma rises from its source or from a storage reservoir and finally reaches the Earth's surface. As it rises, the magma fractures overlying rocks, which causes earthquakes, and parts of the volcano deform as magma approaching the surface makes room for itself.
Alma Morales , Michelle Moran: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:03AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How long does it take for a volcano to form?
Claudia and Michelle from Maple : . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:04AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Thank you for answering our question. Good bye for now.
Dr. RB: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:04AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Bye and take care now !
Ngale-Benjamin and kevin: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:05AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How much of the Earth is volcanic?
More than 80 percent of the Earth's surface -- above and below sea level -- is of volcanic origin. Gaseous emissions from volcanic vents over hundreds of millions of years formed the Earth's earliest oceans and atmosphere, which supplied the ingredients vital to evolve and sustain life. Over geologic eons, countless volcanic eruptions have produced mountains, plateaus, and plains, which subsequent erosion and weathering have sculpted into majestic landscapes and formed fertile soils.
Ngale-Benjamin and kevin: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:06AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How many active volcanoes are there in the world?
About 500 active volcanoes are known on Earth, not counting those that lie beneath the sea.
Ngale-Benjamin and kevin: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:08AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What is the "Ring of Fire"?
Volcanoes are not randomly distributed over the Earth's surface. Most are concentrated on the edges of continents, along island chains, or beneath the sea forming long mountain ranges. More than half of the world's active volcanoes above sea level encircle the Pacific Ocean to form the circum-Pacific "Ring of Fire".
Margarita from Maple: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:08AM PST (-0800 GMT)
DR. RB. Please send us your email address at wardjb@fusd.net
Claudia and Michelle from Maple : . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:10AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Thank you for answering our question. Good bye for now.
Claudia and Michelle from Maple : . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:10AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Thank you for answering our question. Good bye for now.
Ngale-Benjamin and kevin: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:10AM PST (-0800 GMT)
How many people are affected by volcanic eruptions?
Scientists have estimated that at least 200,000 persons have lost their lives as a result of volcanic eruptions during the last 500 years. Between 1980 and 1990, volcanic activity killed at least 26,000 people and forced nearly 450,000 to flee from their homes.
Ngale-Benjamin and kevin: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:13AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What are some positive products from volcanoes?
The Earth's crust, on which we live and depend, is in large part the product of millions of once-active volcanoes and tremendous volumes of magma that did not erupt but instead cooled below the surface. Such persistent and widespread volcanism has resulted in many valuable natural resources throughout the world. For example, volcanic ash blows over thousands of square kilometers of land increases soil fertility for forests and agriculture by adding nutrients and acting as a mulch. Groundwater heated by large, still-hot magma bodies can be tapped for geothermal energy. And over many thousands of years, heated groundwater has concentrated valuable minerals, including copper, tin, gold, and silver, into deposits that are mined throughout the world.
Ngale-Benjamin and kevin: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:15AM PST (-0800 GMT)
What was the most destructive volcanic eruption in the history of the United States?
The May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (Washington) was the most destructive in the history of the United States. Novarupta (Katmai) Volcano , Alaska, erupted considerably more material in 1912, but owing to the isolation and sparse population of the region affected, there were no human deaths and little property damage. In contrast, Mount St. Helens' eruption in a matter of hours caused loss of lives and widespread destruction of valuable property, primarily by the debris avalanche, the lateral blast, and the mudflows.
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:20AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Aaron,Tony,Brandon
1. How do volcanoes erupt.
Ngale-Benjamin and kevin: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:20AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Where is the largest active volcano in the world?
Mauna Loa (Hawaii) is the world's largest active volcano, projecting 13,677 feet above sea level, its top being over 28,000 feet above the deep ocean floor. From its base below sea level to its summit, Mauna Loa is taller than Mount Everest.
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:20AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Ernesto PALM VIEW SCHOOL
1.How does volcanos eirup
Ngale-Benjamin and kevin: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:21AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Where in the United States is there evidence of volcanism?
Though few people in the United States may actually experience an erupting volcano, the evidence for earlier volcanism is preserved in many rocks of North America. Features seen in volcanic rocks only hours old are also present in ancient volcanic rocks, both at the surface and buried beneath younger deposits. A thick ash deposit sandwiched between layers of sandstone in Nebraska, the massive granite peaks of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, and a variety of volcanic layers found in eastern Maine are but a few of the striking clues of past volcanism.
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:26AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Aaron,Tony,Brandon
1. How do volcanoes erupt.
2.How were they made.
: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 11:28AM PST (-0800 GMT)
Aaron,Tony,Brandon
1. How do volcanoes erupt.
2.How were they made.
3.Why do volcanoes erupt.
Marcy, Camp Internet: . . . . Fri, Feb 15, 0:08PM PST (-0800 GMT)
Thanks Campers and DR TROMBLEY for this VERY INFORMATIVE CHAT - read through all of our guest Trail Guide's great answers to learn about Volanology! And thanks to our Campers for posting some really interesting adn thought ful questions. Hot science !!